煤基固废高值化利用研究

Research on high-value utilization of coal-based solid waste

煤基固废是煤在生产利用过程中产生的固体废物,主要包括煤矸石和粉煤灰,煤基固废的长期堆放不仅占用大量的土地,还对大气、水体和土壤等生态环境造成严重的污染。目前,煤基固废的利用主要集中在制砖、水泥等低值化利用领域,迫切需求挖掘煤基固废的资源属性,高值化利用不仅可以拓宽煤基固废利用的途径,还大幅降低产品的生产成本。介绍了煤基固废的产生、理化特性及利用现状,重点综述了煤基固废合成沸石分子筛、提取氧化铝、提取微珠和提取有价元素等高值化利用情况,并分析了目前煤基固废利用存在的问题,探讨了煤基固废高值化利用的发展趋势。

Coal-based solid waste is the solid waste generated during the production and use of coal,mainly including coal gangue and fly ash.The long-term stacking of coal-based solid waste not only occupies a large amount of land resources,but also causes serious pollution to the atmosphere,water and soil.At present,the utilization of coal-based solid waste is generally low-value utilization such as brick making and cement.It is urgent to excavate the resource attribute of coal-based solid waste.High-value utilization can not only broaden the way of coal-based solid waste utilization,but also greatly reduce the production cost of products.The production,physical and chemical characteristics and utilization status of coal-based solid waste were introduced.The high-value utilizations of coal-based solid waste,such as synthesis of zeolite molecular sieve,extraction of alumina,microspheres and valuable elements,were summarized.Finally,the existing problems in the utilization of coal-based solid waste were summarized,and the development trend of high-value utilization of coal-based solid waste was discussed.