否认与认同:汉初“过秦思潮”中对秦王朝历史地位的不同看法

Denial and Approval:Different Views on the Historical Status of Qin Dynasty in the"Guoqin"Idea in the Early Han Dynasty

“过秦思潮”是汉初一次高涨的社会思潮,出现了大量的“过秦”史论。这些史论除了讨论“秦亡汉兴”之理外,还包含着时人对秦代历史的不同看法。在陆贾等多数人的史论中,秦王朝的历史功绩与作用已被否定,“过秦思潮”中对秦朝历史地位的否认已是当时的主流认识。然在贾谊《过秦论》与司马迁《史记》的相关史论中,仍承认秦王朝的“天命”,肯定秦朝的历史功绩,对秦王朝的历史地位仍予以认同。

"Guoqin ideological trend"is the first upsurge of social ideological trend in the Han dynasty,produced a lot of"Guoqin"historical comments.These historical comments not only discuss the theory of"Qin wang Han xing"(The descending of Qing Dynasty and ascending of Han Dynasty),but also contain different views on the history of Qin dynasty.In the historical comments of lu Jia and other people,the historical achievements and functions of Qin dynasty have been denied,and the denial of the historical status of Qin dynasty in the"Guoqin ideological trend"has been the mainstream understanding at that time.However,in Jia Yi's"Guo Qin Lun"and Sima Qian's"Shi Ji",they still recognized the"Tian ming"of the Qin dynasty,affirmed the historical achievements of the Qin dynasty,and recognized the historical status of the qin dynasty.