清末民初中国文学史中的古典小说研究

The Research of the Classical Novel in the History of Chinese Literature in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republican

清末民初国内中国文学史著作的撰写还处于萌芽期,但自此开启了文学史中古典小说研究的风气。这一时期国内文学史家的小说观念整体上是陈旧保守的,如林传甲仍视小说为“诲淫盗”之词,王梦曾将小说看作“附庸”和“点缀”,张之纯亦“择要叙列,俾知概略”。文学史家对古典小说的编排体例和章节设置也呈现出简单化特征,没有形成体系,更谈不上深入探究,题材类型选择也较为单一,数量有限。总体上看,此时文学史家的古典小说研究还处于雏形状态,有待于进一步拓展和深化。究其原因,现代文学和小说观念在国内的影响力在当时非常有限,小说学术研究还没有系统开展,文学史家未能充分认识到古典小说的真正价值。

The writing about the domestic history of Chinese literature is in the stage of infancy in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,however,it opened up the fashion about the research of the classical novel in the history of literature.From an overall point of view,the literary historians,concept of novel was obsolete and conservative in this period.For instance,Lin Chuanjia still believed reading the novel could make people become dissolute or even be a thief.Wang Mengzeng regarded the novel as the appendage and ornament.And Zhang Zhichun also just selected the important novel to discuss,and made readers know the simple contents.The layouts of style and chapters of arrangement about the classical novel by the historians presented simple characteristic,which was not systematical.Certainly,their studies were not thorough.The themes of types chose about the novel were also quite single,and the quantities are restricted.On the whole,at this time the study of classical novel by the historians was still in the stage of embryonic form,and needed to further develop and deepen.The reasons are the domestic influences about modern concepts of literature and novel were extremely limited at that time,and the academic research of novel did not systematically unfold.So the literary historians failed to fully recognize the classical novels,authentic value.