小场地足球比赛对专项体能影响研究:系统评价、影响因素及研究展望

Research on the Influence of small-sided games on Physical Fitness:systematic review,influencing factors and research prospects

目的:系统评价小场地足球比赛(Small-sided games,SSG)负荷的影响因素及其专项体能训练效果。方法:检索Pubmed、EBSCOHost、Web of Science、中国知网数据库中关于SSG对体能影响的研究,检索期限均从各数据库收录起始至2020年6月15日,按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取数据,采用PEDro量表对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价。研究表明:SSG对专项体能的影响取决于比赛人数、场地大小、自由球员、练习时间和休息时长等因素;通过对比赛人数、场地大小、练习时间和间歇时长等因素的合理控制,SSG能够成为显著提升足球运动员有氧能力的有效手段,但无氧能力提升方面效果仍待进一步确定;SSG练习时,建议在面积较小的场地安排比赛,对阵人数为3v3、规定1次触球、要求人盯人防守、强调持球时间为主以及得分方式为停球至底线,以达到提升专项体能的效果。

This article systematically evaluated the influencing factors of the load of small-sided games(SSG)and the effects of special physical training.Literature on Pubmed、EBSCOHost、Web of Science and CNKI were searched,the literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the data were extracted.evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature.The impact of SSG on specific physical fitness depends on factors such as the number of players,field size,free agents,practice time,and rest time.Among them,through reasonable control of factors such as the number of players,field size,practice time and interval time,SSG can It has become an effective means to significantly improve the aerobic capacity of football players,but the effect of improving the anaerobic capacity is still to be further determined.When practicing SSG,it is recommended to arrange the game on a small area,the number of players is 3 v3,and the requirement is 1 touch.Man-to-man defense,emphasis on holding the ball time and scoring method is to stop the ball to the bottom line,in order to achieve special physical fitness.