新时期“读书无用论”的重新解释与破解逻辑

Reinterpretation and Solution of the Idea of the Uselessness of Education in the New Era

公平与质量是当代教育发展的主题,然而"读书无用论"却成为近年来该发展主题的"不和谐"音符。通过构建"读书功能坐标系"可以分析当前"读书无用论"的类型与主要表现。弱势阶层学生素质发展不足带来的无用感、不活跃流动产生的无望感,以及素质发展与筛选流动的失衡叠加是当前"读书无用论"的主要表征。从学校层面对学习内容与传授方式的异化偏颇、家庭层面单维化的教育价值考量和社会层面对学校成功与社会成功反差的模糊认知可以分析"读书无用论"的产生机制。走出"读书无用论"的误区,需要重塑弱势阶层学生的读书动力,需要强化学校重视学习兴趣与回归生活的意识以重塑学生内生性读书动力,促进家庭转变单维阶层流动预期以重塑学生发展性读书动力,督促社会讲好成功故事以重塑学生现实性读书动力。

Fairness and quality are the themes of contemporary education development, but the idea of the uselessness of education has become an incongruous note of themes. By constructing educational functional coordinate system, we can analyze the types and manifestations of the current"useless education". The current manifestations of the"uselessness of education"include the sense of uselessness caused by students’ insufficient quality, the sense of hopelessness caused by inactive social mobility and the superposition of two of them. The generative mechanism of that idea can be seen from the dissimilation of the educational contents and methods, the single focus of the educational values and the fuzzy cognition of the difference between the school’s success and the social success. To get rid of the mistaken idea of the uselessness of education, we need to reshape the motivation of disadvantaged students. It is necessary to strengthen schools’ awareness of attaching importance to learning interest and making education close to life in order to reshape students’ endogenous motivation, to promote families to change the expectation of single social mobility in order to reshape student’developmental motivation, and to urge the society to tell positive success stories in order to reshape students’ realistic motivation.