两汉游侠与咏侠歌谣研究

A Study on Ranger and Song of Chivalry in Han Dynasty

两汉是中国游侠活动的高发期,从宗室公卿、地方豪强到市井闾巷,都不乏游侠和侠客之行。汉初、西汉东汉之交和东汉末,游侠活动更频繁,尤其汉初更是最高峰。游侠活动带来了很复杂的社会影响,既有践行忠勇、赈济贫弱、救人困厄、已诺必诚、修行砥名的正面引导作用,更有结客任气、擅作威褔、作奸犯科、攻讦长吏等严重危害社会秩序的恶行,甚至凌驾于地方政权之上、危及皇权统治,从而遭到统治者的打压。两汉咏侠歌谣反映了此期游侠活动的现实状况,也表达了对游侠的各种态度和情感,在内容和形式上较之先秦都发生了新变、进行了开拓,为魏晋诗歌咏侠母题的确立奠定了基础,提供了咏侠诗歌创作的范式。

The Han Dynasty is a period for Chinese chivalrous men.There is no lack of chivalrous men from imperial nobles,local tyrants,to the neighbors in the streets.At the beginning of the Han Dynasty,at the intersection of the Western Han and the Eastern Han and at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,ranger activities were more frequent,especially at the beginning of the Han Dynasty.Ranger activities have brought about very complex social influences,including both positive guiding role and evil deeds that seriously endanger social order.Some even go beyond the local regime and endanger the imperial power,thus being suppressed by the rulers.The ballads singing chivalry in Han Dynasty reflect the reality of the chivalry activities in this period,and also express various attitudes and feelings towards chivalry.Compared with the pre-Qin Period,the ballads have changed and developed in both content and form,laying a foundation for the establishment of the motif of chivalry singing in Wei and Jin dynasties,and providing a paradigm for the creation of chivalry poems.