世界一流大学与一流学科关系探析——基于软科2019年排行榜的分析

The Relationship Between World⁃class Universities and World⁃class Disciplines and its Enlightenment to the Construction of“Double First Class”

以软科公布的2019年世界大学学术排名与世界一流学科排名为依据,对世界一流大学拥有的世界一流学科数量以及世界一流学科在各大学和各学科领域的分布情况进行统计。统计表明:世界一流大学通常在多个学科领域拥有较多的世界一流学科;世界一流学科也大多分布在世界一流大学中。近年来,我国高校无论在世界大学学术排行榜上,还是在世界一流学科排行榜上都取得了显著进步。整体上,我国拥有世界一流学科的高校较多,世界一流大学较少;我国的世界一流大学拥有的世界一流学科在数量上有一定优势,但学科领域的分布不均衡,世界一流学科主要集中在工学领域。“双一流”建设后续进程中应适当调整一流大学建设与一流学科建设的关系,强化学科发展的均衡性,从重点关注一流学科“点”的建设到更加关注大学的综合能力建设。

Based on ShanghaiRanking’s 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities and Global Rank⁃ing of Academic Subjects,this paper performed a statistical analysis on the number of Global Ranking Aca⁃demic Subjects owned by world⁃class universities and the distribution of the Subjects in various universities and disciplines.Statistics show that world⁃class universities usually have more world⁃class subjects in multiple dis⁃ciplines;Most of the world⁃class disciplines are distributed in world⁃class universities.In recent years,China’s universities have made remarkable progress in both the academic rankings of world universities and the world⁃class disciplines.On the whole,there are more universities with world⁃class disciplines in China,but fewer world⁃class universities;The number of world⁃class disciplines owned by China’s world⁃class universities has certain advantage,but the distribution of disciplines is uneven,and the world⁃class disciplines are mainly con⁃centrated in the field of engineering.To further construct“Double First Class,”we should adjust the relation⁃ship between first⁃class university construction and first⁃class discipline construction,strengthen the balance of discipline development,and move from focusing on the construction of research group of first⁃class disciplines to paying more attention to the comprehensive competence construction of universities.