论古希腊罗马善恶观的生成与理论建构

On the Formation and Theoretical Construction of Good and Evil Theory in Ancient Greece and Rome

溯源法是道德发生学的主要方法。用溯源法考察古希腊罗马感性善恶观的源流,可以发现,荷马时代的希腊人已经生成一种以善恶观念为基本工具的道德判断模式,有了自己的感性善恶观。诗人荷马和赫西俄德将这两种道德观念具体化,对众多行为提出道德判断和评价,进而提出道德训诫,从而使他们的作品发挥道德教化的作用。希腊早期和古典时期哲学家的善恶观表明,理性思维的诞生为希腊伦理思想的发展提供了助力。历代哲学家不断地对荷马、赫西俄德式的感性善恶观进行理性加工,在此基础上发展出理论形态各异的理性善恶观。理性善恶观在希腊化时期和罗马帝国时期继续扩展和传承,形成内容和结构各异的理性善恶观。

Tracing to source is the main method of moral genesis.This paper uses the tracing method to investigate the origin of the ancient Greek and Roman concept of perceptual good and evil.The first part points out that the Greeks in Homer’s time had formed a moral judgment mode with the concept of good and evil as the basic tool,and had their own perceptual view of good and evil through the trace of language and history.The poets Homer and Hesiod concretized these two moral concepts,put forward moral judgment and evaluation for many behaviors,and then put forward moral precepts,so that their works played the role of moral education.The second part points out that the birth of rational thinking has facilitated the development of Greek ethical thought through the investigation of the good and evil views of Greek philosophers in the early and classical periods.Philosophers of all ages have been rational processing of the perceptual view of good and evil of Homer and Hesiod,on the basis of which the rational view of good and evil with different theoretical forms has been developed.The third part points out that the rational view of good and evil continued to expand and inherit in the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire period and formed the rational view of good and evil with different contents and structures.