民法典无因管理的内外体系与规范呈现

The Exterior and Interior System and Stipulation Presence of Negotiorum Gestio in the Civil Code

《民法典》无因管理在外部体系层面,作为法定之债统合为准合同并放置于合同编末尾;涵盖符合本人意思或维护公序良俗的正当无因管理、不当无因管理以及紧急救助的特殊无因管理三种子类型,通过适用委托合同规定弥补规范供给的不足。在内部体系层面,旨在平衡"个人私域不受他人侵犯"与"鼓励社会互帮互助"两种价值理念。对于介入他人私域的行为,基于贯彻意思自治、维护公序良俗、弘扬见义勇为三层价值维度赋予合法性与正当性评判,并体现在各方权利义务的具体安排之中。对本人负担的费用偿还、债务偿付以及适当补偿损失的义务以及管理人负担的管理过程中的合理注意、继续管理与通知义务以及管理结束后的报告义务和移交义务都进行了周延规定,是对原本残缺不全的无因管理制度的全面革新。

Negotiorum gestio which is defined as the legal obligation and quasi-contract in the Civil Code is placed at the end of the Contract Part from the point of exterior system.There are three genres of negotiorum gestio,the legal negotiorum gestio that conforms to the personal will or public order and moral,illegal negotiorum gestio,special negotiorum gestio in the case of emergency.The inadequacy of stipulations can be supplemented by applying the rule concerning agency appointment contract.The interior system is aimed at balancing the values of the private domain not infringed by others and the advocate of mutual help.Based on the principle of autonomy,upholding the public order and moral,promotion of brave act of righteousness,the behavior which is involved in the private domain of others can be justified,appearing in the distribution of right and obligation for each party.The reimbursement of the borne expense of the administrator,debt payments,obligation of compensating the damages to some appropriate extent,duty of care in the management process,obligation of continuing management and giving notice,duty of reporting and handing over are all stipulated,which is reforming the fragmentary negotiorum gestio in the original de lege lata.