论理论批评

On Theory Criticism

理论批评以广义上的文学理论为叙述和描述对象。理论本应高屋建瓴,但如一些批评家所言,过去的一个世纪里,文学理论的一个显著特点,恰恰是在传布怀疑主义。理论与批评经常被视为一途有特定的时代原因,但是如保罗·弗莱所言,两者毕竟大有不同,文学批评视为理所当然的东西,文学理论恰恰是缺失的。乔纳森·卡勒在理论批评中异军突起,其对理论的热情一如既往,如果说他当年的《论解构》是为德里达解构主义这一新潮理论做普及示范,那么到2007年的《理论中的文学性》,毋宁说是在理论联手批评经历峰回路转之后,重申它舍我其谁的王者风范。对理论的质疑事实上与理论的一路高歌同步。卡勒本人对克纳普理论批判的质疑,应是再好不过说明了这一点。"理论"历经浴火后,建立"理论批评"这样一门与实践结合更为密切的关于理论本身的学科,当不是奢望。

Theory criticism takes literary theory(in its general sense)as its narrative and descriptive object.According to some critics,instead of establishing a commending height,literary theory in the past century disseminates nihilism.Theory often parallel to criticism,however,as Paul Fry indicates,the difference between them is that what criticism takes for granted is exactly that which literary theory missed.As a central figure among controversy over the"theory",Culler keeps his theoretical enthusiasmall along since he invents the nickname in On Deconstruction till his reiteration of theory in his The Literary in Theory.His critique of Knapp is but a brief episode.Theory never dies.In the wake of its treacherous journey,we face the right moment to vision a new discipline called"theory criticism".