缺失的“民族”与整体的“社会”——从魁阁时期的两个研究文本谈起

Ignorance of Minzu and Holism on the Study of Minzu Society——Thoughts from Two Readings during the Kuige Time

魁阁时期两个"民族地区"的研究文本-许烺光的《祖荫下》与田汝康的《芒市边民的摆》,其所呈现的研究特点、研究方法与知识关怀,对于当前的民族研究仍旧有着借鉴意义。在20世纪40年代,无论是当地人自身还是外来研究者,都没有按照今天的民族分类来认识周边的社会世界,因此,在研究文本中,"民族"是缺失的,可见的是对社会整体性的关注,以及对具有普遍社会科学意义的理论的追寻。建国后,随着民族识别的完成与民族学知识体系的构建,"民族"亦成为了学术研究中的概念框架。此后的民族学研究,出现了一些内在的困境,近年来,关于更新民族学知识体系的呼声也日益强烈。民族研究,应当被纳入中国整体性的叙述,对民族地区"整体社会"的关照,当是民族研究的应有之义。

This article analyzes two readings during the Kuige("魁阁")time,Under the Ancestors’Shadow by Francis Xu Langguang and Religious Cults of the Pai-ialong the Burma-Yunnan Border by Tian Rukang,and discusses their inspirations on today’s Minzu("民族")study.In the 1940 s,neither the local people nor the researchers look at the outside world from the perspective of the Minzu category today.Therefore,in the research text,we cannot find any trace of"Minzu",instead,authors show their concern of holism of society and the pursuit of generalized social theory.After 1949,with the accomplishment of ethic classification,Minzu has become a conceptual framework in academic study,which caused some dilemmas in Minzu study.Recently,there has been an increasing call to renew the knowledge system of ethnology in China,and this article hopes to shed some light on this trend by putting Minzu study into the understanding of whole China,and looking for the"whole society"in Minzu area.