“末代秀才”詹鸣铎与《振先杂稿》的学术价值

Zhan Mingduo,the“Last Government Student”and the Academic Value of Zhenxian Zagao

婺源"末代秀才"詹鸣铎(1883—1931),享年虽仅四十九岁,但在其不到五十年的生涯中,中国社会历经了翻天覆地的变化。对于此一"天时日变其旧,人事日趋于新"的时代,詹鸣铎除了著有章回体自传《我之小史》之外,还有个人诗文集《振先杂稿》和詹鸣铎日记等传世。本文即聚焦于抄稿本《振先杂稿》,从商业、宗族和村落及乡绅角色三个侧面入手,探讨该书的学术价值。从中可见,作为一名"贾而好儒"的生员兼徽商,詹鸣铎虽然衣食无忧,但多年徘徊于功名与生计之间,亦时感步履维艰。在断续的外出游历中,詹氏在江南各地见过世面,也接触到一些新的思想。在其行文措辞中,时常将当年颇为时尚的新名词嵌入个人表述,显露出与时俱进的倾向。不过,从总体上看,他的知识储备与社会见识仍然极为保守,对于日新月异的社会变革充满了消极与悲观,从中反映出在时代变迁大潮中日益被边缘化的乡绅之无力与茫然。

Zhan Mingduo(1883-1931),the last government student of Wuyuan county,was only 49 years old,but in his less than 50 years of career,Chinese society has undergone earth shaking changes.In this era of dramatic changes,Zhan Mingduo not only wrote his autobiography"My Little history",but also his personal collection of poems and essays Zhenxian Zagao and diaries.This paper focuses on the manuscript of Zhenxian Zagao,and discusses its academic value from three aspects:business,clan,and the role of squire.It can be seen from this that,as a government student and a Huizhou merchant,Zhan Mingduo had no worries about food and clothing,but he had been wandering between fame and livelihood for many years.During his intermittent travels,Zhan saw the world and came into contact with some new ideas.In the wording of his writing,he often embedded the fashionable new nouns into his personal expression,showing the tendency of keeping pace with the times.However,on the whole,his knowledge reserve and social insight were still extremely conservative.He was full of negativity and pessimism about the rapid social change,which reflected the powerlessness and bewilderment of the increasingly marginalized gentry in the tide of the changes of the times.