共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备与应用进展

Progress in Preparation and Applications of Conjugated Polymer Hydrogels

共轭聚合物水凝胶是利用共轭聚合物制备的水凝胶材料,兼备水凝胶的力学性质、溶胀性质和共轭聚合物优异的电化学特性.共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法多样,主要有原位聚合、直接填充、物理交联和化学交联等.同时,在面对环境和能源领域的应用挑战时,共轭聚合物水凝胶具备良好的发展潜能,可广泛应用于药物释放、能量转换、能量储存、传感器、组织损伤修复和污水处理等诸多领域.本文系统归纳了共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法和应用,对其研究目前存在的主要问题以及未来发展方向进行了分析.

Polymer hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric materials with three-dimensional networks that can maintain 1000%−2000%of deformation under certain stress.Conjugated polymer hydrogels(CPHs)are the hydrogels made from conjugated polymers.From the point of view of molecular structure,CPHs exhibit an inherent rigidity and extendedπ-πbond of conjugated polymers,which can synergize the advantages of organic semiconductors and hydrogel networks.By means of physical and chemical doping,CPHs also display adjustable electroconductive properties.Therefore,CPHs combine the good mechanical properties,swelling properties of hydrogels and the excellent electrochemical properties of conjugated polymers.A diversity of methods have been applied to prepare CPHs.Owing to their unique properties mentioned,CPHs have been widely used in many fields such as drug release,energy conversion,energy storage,sensors,tissue damage repair and sewage treatment.Over decades,various new types of CPHs have been successfully synthesized,and their water absorption capacity,electrical conductivity and other properties have been continuously optimized.At present,CPHs are mainly prepared through in situ polymerization,direct filling,physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking,etc.Chemical modifications and functionalization are also applied to adjust the properties of CPHs,which amplify their functionalities and applications.In this review,the preparation methods and applications of CPHs are systematically summarized,and the main issues existing in this research and the future development direction are analyzed.