康德与王国维审美启蒙论的情性论分歧

The Disagreement on Temperaments in Kant andWang Guowei s Aesthetic Enlightenment Theories

作为中西方现代审美启蒙观念的奠基人,康德和王国维关于人类情性教化的具体思路却未尝相同。在晚年康德笔下,“黏液质情性”的地位超过了“黑胆汁质”情性,其中体现出其以禁欲主义的无功利化审美方案疗治忧郁情性的动机。相比起康德的方案,王国维在相信“不可爱”的人性论现实的同时,更渴望保留“可爱”的人生理想和生命激情。出于这一动机,王国维借助叔本华的学说,提出关于“势力之欲”的生存本体论,从中发展出一套用良性嗜好取代恶性嗜好的务实的情性疗治方案。

As the most important founder of western aesthetic enlightenment,Kant had a theory on human temperaments that differs from that of Wang Guowei,who is the founder of modern Chinese aesthetic enlightenment.In his later years,Kant wrote that the“phlegmatic temperament”surpassed the“melancholic temperament”,which reflected his motive for treating melancholic depression with an ascetic approach of no-interest aesthetics.Compared with Kant s plan,Wang Guowei believes in the reality of the“unlovable”human nature,and is more eager to retain the“lovely”ideal of life and passion for life.Based on this motivation,Wang Guowei put forward Schopenhauer s doctrine to propose an existential ontology of“survival will”,and developed a pragmatic treatment plan for the Chinese national temperament by replacing bad addiction with benign addiction.