论漏罪的发现标准——基于《刑法》第七十条的思考

On the Discovery Standard of Omission of Crime-Based on Article 70 of the Criminal Law

《中华人民共和国刑法》(以下简称《刑法》)第七十条规定了关于发现漏罪的并罚问题,但司法解释并没有对“发现”二字的理解问题进行细致的阐述。对于漏罪的发现主体与发现时间点主要有法院发现说、最早发现说两种学说,最早发现说既能够解决《刑法》第七十条在适用时存在的疑问,又符合刑法的目的,同时有利于贯彻刑法思维,故应得到肯定。从《刑法》第七十条的背后原理来看,应当承认侦查机关更适合作为漏罪发现的主体,侦查机关发现漏罪的时间即为漏罪的发现时间,以此为漏罪发现的标准符合罪刑相适应原则。

Article 70 of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as Criminal Law)stipulates the issue of combined punishment for the discovery of omissions,but the judicial interpretation does not elaborate on the understanding of the word“discovery”.There are mainly two theories of the discovery of omissions and the time of discovery:the theory of court discovery and the theory of earliest discovery.The theory of earliest discovery should be affirmed because it can solve the doubts in the application of Article 70 of the Criminal Law and meet the purpose of the criminal law,and is conducive to the implementation of criminal law thinking.From the perspective of the principle behind Article 70 of the Criminal Law,it should be recognized that the investigative agency is more suitable as the subject of the discovery of the omission.The time when the investigative agency discovers the omission is the time when the omission is discovered,which is the standard for the discovery of omission to comply with the principle of crime and punishment.