现代汉语“不算”句法语义分析——兼与“不说”比较

Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of“Busuan”in Modern Chinese:Compared with“Bushuo”

现代汉语“不算”在不断使用过程中,由原来表实义的状中结构短语虚化出一些新用法,即在句法功能上可作为副词表示程度不高;可位于前一分句句末,连接前后两个小分句,起到话题转换的作用;可作为助词和一些动词构成排除义结构。通过统计“不算”使用频率及与“不说”比较用法上异同,说明“不算”还处在语法化演变初期。在此基础上,通过分析“不算”虚化历程及机制,说明“不算”在主观化和重新分析双重作用下,实现了短语到词的演变。

In the continuous use of modern Chinese Busuan(不算)some new usages are produced from the original phrase structure,that is,it can be used as adverb in terms of syntactic functions,or connect two clauses to play the role of topic conversion at the end of the sentence;it can be used as auxiliary word which collocates some verbs to form an exclusion structure.By counting the frequency of Busuan(不算)and comparing the similarities and differences between the usage of Busuan(不算)and Bushuo(不说),it shows that Busuan(不算)is still in the early stage of grammatical evolution.The analysis of the blurring process and mechanism of Bujuan(不算)shows that under the dual effects of subjectivization and reanalysis,Bujuan(不算)has realized the evolution from phrase to word.