‘永泰’杨梅亲本鉴定及其单核苷酸多态性遗传变异分析

Identification of‘Yongtai’bayberry’s parents and analysis of their genetic variation by single nucleotide polymorphism markers

采用基因组重测序和单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)系统进化树构建等方法,研究‘永泰’和9个相关品种的亲缘关系,并开发了4025个SNP核心标记用于遗传和育种研究。根据SNP位点的变异性计算遗传相似系数(genetic similarity,GS),得出‘永泰’与亲本‘硬丝’的GS为0.99783。系统进化树构建结果表明,10个品种分为2组,其中:‘黑晶’‘东岙早梅’‘乌紫’‘荸荠’‘木叶’5个品种聚为一组;‘早大梅’‘早佳’‘软丝’‘永泰’‘硬丝’5个品种聚为一组,且‘硬丝’与变异品种‘永泰’聚为一小支。同时,‘永泰’在叶片大小、叶缘、叶脉等形态学性状和果实口感上与亲本存在显著差异。通过‘永泰’与参考基因组对比注释,共得到4660个单核苷酸变异位点。根据研究结果推断,‘永泰’叶片和果实产生显著形态变异的原因可能是SNP位点产生了转换和颠换以及核苷酸序列发生了突变。由此可见,‘永泰’既有亲本‘硬丝’的基本特征,也有与其形态学和果实口感上存在的典型差异。

In order to study the genetic relationship and genetic mechanism of‘Yongtai’and related nine bayberry(Myrica rubra)accessions,the methods of genomic re-sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction of core single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP),etc.were used,and also 4025 core SNP markers were developed for further genetic and breeding research.The results calculated by genetic similarity(GS)showed that the GS between‘Yongtai’and‘Yingsi’was 0.99783.Moreover,ten bayberry accessions were divided into two groups by phylogenetic tree construction analysis of SNP.‘Heijing’,‘Dong’aozaomei’,‘Wuzi’,‘Biqi’,‘Muye’were grouped together,and‘Zaodamei’,‘Zaojia’,‘Ruansi’,‘Yongtai’and‘Yingsi’were grouped together,where‘Yingsi’and‘Yongtai’were gathered into a branch.At the same time,there were significant differences between‘Yongtai’and its parents in leaf size,leaf margin,leaf vein and fruit flavor.Through comparison and annotation of‘Yongtai’and the reference genome,a total of 4660 differential genes were obtained.In conclusion,the significant morphological variation in leaves and fruits of‘Yongtai’may be attributed to the transition and transversion of SNP and the mutation of nucleotide sequence.So‘Yongtai’not only has the basic traits of its parent‘Yingsi’,but also has its typically morphological traits as large leaves and large fruits.