民法典利他合同规则的解释论

Interpretations on Altruistic Contract System in China’s Civil Code

我国《民法典》确立的利他合同制度存在不足之处,应当制定司法解释解决存在的争议问题。第三人取得权利的时点宜采取接受取得说。债务人不履行债务时,违约责任应当限于继续履行、采取补救措施和损害赔偿。第三人表示受益后,债权人不得主张意思表示瑕疵的撤销权;债权人亦可对债务人主张履行债务,以及不履行债务时的损害赔偿;债权人不得以债务人未履行债务主张解除利他合同。第三人表示受益后,债务人不得主张意思表示瑕疵的撤销权;债务人可以债权人不履行债务为由,主张解除利他合同;债务人对第三人的抗辩仅限于利他合同中包含的抗辩。

There are some defects about the altruistic contract system in China’s civil code,so it is necessary to make judicial interpretation to solve such disputes.The time the third party acquires the performance right should adopt acceptation theory.When debtor does not perform his obligation,heshould assume such duties as specific performance,remedial measures as well as compensation.When the third party accepts the right,the creditor has no right to revoke the contract.the creditor can also asserts performance of contract and compensation when debtor breaches the contract,but cannot rescind the contract.When the third party accepts the right,the debtor has also no right to revoke the contract,but can rescind the contract in the name of non-performance contract.The defensedebtor to the third party is those onlyfrom the altruistic contract.