美德的对称性研究

Symmetry of Virtue

随着美德伦理学的复兴,很多当代西方伦理学家都在重新思考和定义美德伦理学。与亚里士多德和麦金泰尔的美德伦理学不同,迈克尔·斯洛特(Michael Slote)提出一种强调美德对称性特征的常识美德伦理学,试图对传统美德进行修正,以此批评常识道德、功利主义和义务论等伦理学观点。斯洛特将“自我—他人”的对称性视为是美德的主要特征,认为美德既包括有利于他人利益的涉他美德,也包括有利于行为者自身利益的涉己美德。斯洛特的美德对称性观点为美德伦理学提供了新的发展路径。

With the revival of virtue ethics,many contemporary western ethicists are rethinking and defining virtue ethics.Different from the virtue ethics of Aristotle and MacIntyre,Michael Slote proposed a virtue ethics that emphasizes the symmetry of virtues,trying to modify traditional virtues to criticize common-sense ethical viewpoints such as common-sense morality,utilitarianism and deontology.Sloteregards the symmetry of"self-other"as the main feature of virtues,and believes that virtues include both other-regarding virtues that are beneficial to the interests of others and self-regarding virtues that are beneficial to the actors'own interests.Slote's view of virtue symmetry provides a new development path for virtue ethics.