从玻纤工业废耐火砖中回收贵金属的研究进展

Research Progress on Recovery of Precious Metals from Waste Firebrick of Glass Fiber Industry

目前,我国玻璃纤维总产量居世界首位,玻纤生产中使用的拉丝漏板、坩埚、池窑鼓泡器及热电偶等部件必须使用铂族金属铂、铑。高温生产过程中,铂和铑通过挥发沉积或扩散作用进入周围的耐火砖或废玻璃渣中,铂和铑金属含量一般为0.2~1.2 kg/t,远高于精矿品位,其堆存量逐年递增,铂和铑蕴藏量相当可观。从废耐火砖中回收铂和铑,目前有选矿法、火法工艺、湿法工艺等。研究结果表明,选矿法尾矿中铂族金属含量高,有待回收;火法流程长,铑容易分散损失;湿法则面临高温生成硅胶、全流程难以运行等问题。开发短流程、高效率的贵金属回收工艺,将成为开发此类价值巨大的“铂族金属矿”的关键。

At present,China's total output of glass fiber ranks first in the world,platinum group metals platinum and rhodium must be used in glass fiber production,such as wire drawing bushing,crucible,furnace bubbler and thermocouple.In the process of high temperature production,platinum and rhodium metals enter the surrounding refractory bricks or waste glass slag by volatilization deposition or diffusion,the content of platinum and rhodium is generally 0.2~1.2 kg/t,which is far higher than the grade of concentrate,moreover,its stockpiles are increasing year by year,and the platinum and rhodium deposits are considerable.The recovery of platinum and rhodium from waste firebrick includes mineral processing,pyrometallurgical process and hydrometallurgical process.The results show that the content of PGM in tailings of beneficiation method is high and needs to be recovered;the pyrometallurgical process is long and rhodium is easy to disperse and lose;the hydrometallurgical process is faced with the problems of silica gel generated by high silicon,and the whole process is difficult to operate.Developing a suitable short process and high efficiency precious metal recovery process will be the key to develop such valuable"platinum group metal ores".