基于行为计划理论的行人心理风险影响特性

The influence characteristics of pedestrian mental risk image under the interaction of multiple factors

为避免行人碰撞事故,亟待从人因着手,对交通环境中行人所面临的安全风险进行深入研究。本文基于行为计划理论,采用数据量化分析与实地调查研究方法,提取出影响行人对安全风险认知的外在因素与内在特质,主要包括交通环境、其他交通参与者的行为、电子产品、社会压力、自身道德约束及行为习惯等,进一步构建行人在交通参与过程中的心理图像。结果表明:风险意图方面,男性明显高于女性;天气和光线方面,随着光线变暗,行人注意力显著提高;以老年人、青少年组成的行人会让他人提高警惕,而组成多为中年人则让人倍感轻松;影响行人风险行为意图的因素主要分为环境、交通经历和自身约束等。研究结果可以为改善交通环境、设立提醒警示标识提供理论参考,也为研究如何降低行人面临的安全风险提供新思路。

It is urgent to conduct in-depth investigation and research on the safety risks faced by pedestrians in the traffic environment from the human factors to avoid pedestrian collision accidents.Based on the theory of behavior planning,the external factors and internal characteristics that affect pedestrian's cognition of safety risks were extracted with the methods of data quantitative analysis and field investigation.These factors mainly includes traffic environment,behavior of other traffic participants,electronic products,social pressure,selfmoral constraints and behavior habits,and further constructs pedestrian's psychological map in the process of traffic participation like.The results shows that men are significantly higher than women in terms of risk intention;the pedestrian attention is significantly improved with the dim light in terms of weather and light;the pedestrians composed of the elderly and teenagers will make others more alert,while the middle-aged people will make people feel more relaxed;the factors affecting pedestrian risk behavior intention are mainly divided into environment,traffic experience and self-restraint.The research results can provide theoretical reference for improving traffic environment and setting up warning signs,and also provide new ideas for research on how to reduce the safety risks faced by pedestrians.