从两篇近文检视近代早期天主教史研究的文化转向与全球转向

“Cultural Turn”and“Global Turn”in the Historiography of Early Modern Catholicism,with a Focus on Two Recent Publications

自20世纪40年代以来,在耶丁、普罗迪以及奥马利等学者的推动下,充满教派论争与意识形态偏见的16世纪天主教研究逐渐让位于愈发客观持平的近代早期天主教史研究。其间,传统的教会史研究理路亦被受人类学、社会学以及心理学等社会科学方法影响的宗教史研究取径所取代。诠释范式于几十年间几经转换。及至21世纪初,新文化史与全球史又深刻影响了近代早期天主教史研究,新课题不断涌现。特兰托大公会议被重估,"特兰托迷思"随之破产。学者们愈益从全球视野出发来细致地探究"长16世纪"天主教的多维度与多网络之复杂互动,此即该领域的"文化转向"与"全球转向"。重写变革时代的天主教历史已然开启。本文拟从《近代早期天主教》与《天主教改革与复兴》这两篇近文入手,在学术发展史的系谱与脉络中,论析相关历史书写模式的微妙转换。

Eminent historians such as Hubert Jedin,Paolo Prodi and John W.O’Malley have,since 1940 s,played a crucial role in reassessing the historiography and history of the Catholic Renewal in the long sixteenth-century.And they have made great contributions to the revision of nineteenth-century polemical historiography and ideologies.In addition,religious history,which has been inspired by the methodologies of anthropology,sociology,and psychology,has gradually replaced the traditional church history with its top-down perspective.In the beginning of the 21 st century,the new cultural history and global history have exerted a great impact upon early modern Catholicism studies,which has given rise to a host of new topics,such as material culture,sacred space,life circle,and so forth.Therefore,the Council of Trent has been revalued and downgraded by recent scholarship,and‘the Tridentine myth’has been challenged seriously.Actually,more historians prefer to take a closer look at cultural,political,and social interactions between different religious agents from the global perspective.It is not surprising that the history of early modern Catholic renewal has recently been rewritten.This article focuses on two important recent publications on it,and delve into,from the view of academic genealogy,why and how cultural turn and global turn have helped to promote the studies of early modern Catholicism.