论爱弥儿·涂尔干的教师道德优先性思想及其当代启示

On Durkheim’s Thought of Teachers’Moral Priority and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

爱弥儿·涂尔干(Emile Durkheim)所主张的教师道德优先性,是指教师道德培养优先、教师道德影响优先、教师道德榜样优先,它受教师的意志以及内心信念的影响,关系到国家对教育的干预以及未成年人的社会化,最终关系到社会整合,所以,必须重视教师道德优先性及对其的培养。从涂尔干的教师道德优先性思想中可以看出,当前仍有必要强调教师的道德优先性,尤其在教师职前教育阶段,应该以“四有”好老师为标准,开展教师道德优先性的教育,即以理想信念指引教师道德优先性的培养、以道德情操规范教师道德优先性的运用、以扎实学识支撑教师道德优先性的养成、以仁爱之心保障教师道德优先性的体现。

The moral priority of teachers advocated by Durkheim refers to the priority of teachers’moral cultivation,their moral influence and their moral model.Influenced by teachers’will and inner belief,Durkheim’s moral priority is related to the state’s intervention in education and the socialization of non-adults,and ultimately to social integration,therefore much importance must be attached to teachers’moral priority and its cultivation.From Durkheim’s thought of teachers’moral priority,it is,as can be seen,still necessary to emphasize the moral priority of teachers at present,esp.at the stage of pre-service education of teachers,so efforts should be made to implement the education of teachers’moral priority in line with the norm of good teachers,namely,guiding the cultivation of teachers’moral priority with ideals and beliefs,regulating the application of teachers’moral priority with moral sentiments,supporting the cultivation of teachers’moral priority with solid knowledge,and ensuring the embodiment of teachers’moral priority with benevolence.