孔子《论语》生态智慧及其教育价值

Ecological Wisdom and Its Educational Value in The Analects

孔子从天人合一的自然观出发,用“畏”“爱”“节”“乐”(即敬畏、关爱、节制和亲近)的方式来处理人与自然相处中的各种矛盾,形成了人类处理人与自然之关系的生态伦理智慧,也就是“畏天顺天”的生态发展观,“仁爱万物”的生态道德观,“取用有节”的生态自然观,“乐山乐水”的生态情怀观。孔子的生态伦理智慧为我们思考人与自然之间的关系提供了一个全新的视角,成了协调人与自然之关系的伦理准则。孔子《论语》中不仅蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,也饱含着深刻的教育思想:在从事教育活动时,要尊重教育规律,按教育本身的逻辑进行教育;要有爱心,将爱渗透于整个教育过程之中;要把握教育的度,注重学生的整体和谐发展;要培养学生的人文情怀。

From the view of nature that man is an integral part of nature,Confucius formed an ecological and ethical wisdom of how human beings handle the relationship between man and nature by“fear”,“love”,“moderation”and“closeness”to deal with various contradictions brought by people’s getting along with nature.The wisdom includes the view of ecological development of standing in awe of Heaven and resign to fate,ecological ethics of“love all things”,the view of ecological nature of“limiting the utilization and exploitation”,and the ecological feelings of“loving hill and water”.The ecological ethical wisdom of Confucius provides a new perspective for us to think about the relationship between man and nature,and becomes the ethical criterion to coordinate the relationship between man and nature.Not only the ecological wisdom contained in The Analects,but profound educational thoughts.When engaging in educational activities,the law of education should be respected and the logic of education should be followed.Be loving and permeate the whole educational process with love;to control the degree of education,and focus on the overall harmonious development of students;and teachers should cultivate students’humanistic feelings.