20世纪上半叶我国小学教师师德建设历程及启示

The Course and Enlightenment of the Construction of Primary School Teachers’Ethics in the First Half of the 20th Ccentury

师德是教师职业的起点要求。中国近代新式教育兴办以来,各时期政府都对师德作了一些规定。小学教师师德建设历经了清末、北洋政府时期和国民政府时期三个发展阶段。在师德制度建设上取得了一定进展。但在实践中,小学教师师德建设状况却始终未有大的突破。究其原因,约有以下几端:第一,没有建立完整的师德标准体系;第二,没有形成强有力的正面建设举措;第三,没有建立科学、规范的师德考核机制;第四,没有激发起教师提升自己师德水平的动机。20世纪上半叶小学教师师德建设经验与教训为当前师德建设提供了一些有益的启示:要继续加强中小学教师师德的标准化和法制化建设,要坚持正面引导与负向处罚并重,要重视民间教师专业团体对师德建设的作用。

Teachers’morality is the starting point of their profession.Since the establishment of new pattern of education in China,governments in different eras have put forward requirements for teachers’morality.The construction of teachers’morality in primary schools has gone through three development stages:the late Qing Dynasty,the Beiyang government and the national government with some achievements gained in the construction of the system,but no major breakthrough in the practice.The reasons are as follows:first,there is no complete standard system of teachers’morality;second,no strong measures for positive construction have been taken;third,there is no scientific and standardized assessment mechanism for teachers’ethics;and fourth,the failure to motivate teachers to improve their moral standards.The experience and lessons drawn from the construction of teachers’morality in primary schools in the first half of the 20th century has provided a lot of enlightenment for now:we should standardize and legalize the construction of teachers’morality pay attention to the systematization and legalization of teachers'morality construction;focus on both the positive guidance and punishment,and pay attention to the role of civil professional academic groups in the construction of teachers’morality.