基于认知工作分析理论的行车调度团队应急任务模型及应用

Emergency Task Modelling and Application for Train Dispatching Team Based on Cognitive Work Analysis

认知工作分析理论作为一种研究复杂社会技术系统的理论,能够有效地分析系统中人员的认知需求并获得用于支持作业绩效的系统潜在配置。以地铁行车调度团队为研究对象,基于认知工作分析理论,构建了包括团队工作域分析模型、团队控制任务分析模型、团队策略分析模型以及团队成员能力分析模型在内的地铁行车调度团队作业应急任务模型,从功能约束、任务约束、组织约束和人员约束4个维度对地铁应急任务的潜在需求进行分析;此外,使用典型地铁信号故障处理场景对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,认知工作分析理论在地铁安全运营保障方面具有重要的应用价值。

As a theory to study complex social-technical systems,cognitive work analysis can effectively analyze the cognitive needs of the personnel in the system and obtain the system potential configuration to support the performance of the team.Taking metro train dispatching team as research object,based on cognitive work analysis theory,metro train dispatching team emergency task model including team work domain analysis model,team control task analysis model,team strategy analysis model and team competency analysis model is built.Analysis is carried out on the potential demands of emergency tasks from four dimensions of function constraints,task constraints,organization constraints and personnel constraints.In addition,the model is validated in a typical metro signal fault processing scenario.The results show that cognitive work analysis theory has application significance in ensuring metro operation safety.