伊朗阿曼湾渔场拖网渔具改进探讨

The Improvement of Trawling Gear for Fishing Ground in Gulf of Oman,Iran

过洋性渔业是我国远洋渔业的重要组成部分,伊朗阿曼湾渔场是我国新开发的过洋性渔场,单船底拖网是主要的作业方式。文章从过洋性渔业生产的推力、阻力以及过洋性拖网渔具存在的问题出发,分析目前单船底拖网油耗偏高的问题,并针对阿曼湾渔场的特点,在网型、网衣尺寸、网板以及拖网的自动化和智能化等方面进行改进与探讨。同时提出4点建议:提高网口高度,增加侧身力纲;增大网目尺寸和网口周长,确定合理的身周比;采用柔性网板;采用瞄准捕捞技术以及网囊实时监测、自动脱落和提网技术。拖网性能的提高对我国远洋渔业的发展至关重要,对实现海洋强国目标具有重要的战略意义。

Transoceanic fishery was an important part of China′s pelagic fishery.The Aman Bay fishing ground in Iran was a newly developed fishing ground in China.Single bottom trawling is the main operation mode.In this paper,based on the thrust and resistance of transoceanic fishery production and the problems existing in the fishing gear of transoceanic trawler,the problem of high oil consumption of single bottom trawl was analyzed,and the improvement of net shape,mesh size,automation and intelligence of net plate and trawl were discussed.Four suggestions were put forward as follows:increasing the height of net mouth,increasing the side force,increasing the mesh size and the perimeter of net mouth to determine the optimal ratio of body to circumference;flexible net plate;aiming fishing technology;real-time monitoring of net bag,automatic shedding and net lifting technology.The improvement of trawl performance was of great importance to the development of China′s offshore fisheries,and was of strategic significance to the realization of the goal of a powerful marine development strategy.