数字化技术在口腔修复领域的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of digital technology in the field of prosthodontics

口腔修复学是采用人工装置修复口腔及颌面部各种缺损并恢复其相应的生理功能,预防或治疗口颌系统疾病的一门临床科学。人类的牙齿形态及口颌面形态复杂,个体差异较大,对修复体个性化的要求较高。随着口腔材料器械的发展,采用数字化技术制作修复体是科技发展进步的必然产物。传统的修复设计制作以医生和技师的个人理论水平、临床经验以及手工操作技能来实现,缺乏客观和量化标准,而数字化修复技术是以人为主体,以计算机为重要工具,通过采集虚拟印模,使用计算机软件进行修复体的设计并制作出高质量的修复体,并且数字化技术对颌面部软组织缺损修复起着重要的作用。从整体上看,数字化修复患者感觉舒适,减少患者复诊次数及时间,并且固位稳定性方面都能取得较好的临床效果,患者也很满意。本文通过查阅近年来数字化修复技术在口腔修复领域中的相关文献,对数字化修复技术的概念,目前在口腔修复领域的范围包括可摘/固定局部义齿、可摘/固定全口义齿、颌面赝复体的应用进展进行阐述。

Prosthodontics is a clinical science of using artificial devices to repair various oral and maxillofacial defects and restore their corresponding physiological functions to prevent or treat diseases of the oral and maxillofacial system.The human oral and maxillofacial morphology are complex,and there are great individual differences.With the development of oral materials and instruments,digital technology is an inevitable outcome of the development of science and technology.Traditional restoration design depends on individual doctors and technicians from their theoretical levels,clinical experiences and manual skills,and is lack of objective and quantitative criteria.However,digital restoration takes human as the main body and computer as the important tool,uses computer software for the design of the restoration and makes the high quality of restoration through the acquisition virtual impression,and digital technology plays an important role in the restoration of maxillofacial soft tissue defects.On the whole,patients receiving digital restoration feel comfortable,get reduced frequency and time of follow-up visits,achieve good clinical results in terms of retention stability,and the patients are also satisfied.In this paper,the concept and the application progress of digital prosthodontics including removable/fixed partial denture,removable/fixed complete denture and maxillofacial prosthesis are reviewed by referring to the relevant literatures in the field of prosthodontics in recent years.