肇庆及周边地区毒蛇咬伤流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological investigation of snakebites in Zhaoqing city and surrounding areas

目的总结肇庆及其周边地区人群毒蛇咬伤情况,以了解其流行病学特征,掌握各地区毒蛇的分布特点及毒蛇咬伤常见多发蛇种,为制订符合实际有效的预防对策及诊断、治疗措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月~2019年12月收治的3319例毒蛇咬伤患者的临床资料。结果肇庆及其周边地区是毒蛇咬伤高发区,其发生率与地处山区、季节、职业和工作环境有密切关系。竹叶青蛇咬伤病例占多数,其次为眼镜蛇、烙铁头蛇咬伤。毒蛇咬伤全年均有发生,以7~10月份发病率最高。蛇伤高发人群主要为务农者,且以30~49岁人群为主,致伤部位主要为四肢。结论肇庆及其周边地区毒蛇咬伤全年均有发生。采取相应的预防、宣传、教育措施,建立健全蛇伤救治体系,对降低毒蛇咬伤的发生率、提高救治成功率具有重要意义。

Objective To summarize the situation of snakebites in Zhaoqing city and surrounding areas,understand its epidemiological features,and learn the distribution characteristic of poisonous snakes and the most common type of snakebite in the different regions,in order to provide the basis for formulating practical and effective preventive countermeasures,diagnosis and treatment measures.Methods The basic clinical data of 3319 patients with snakebite in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Zhaoqing and its surrounding areas had a high incidence of snakebite,which is closely related to the mountainous area,season,occupation and working environment.Patients bitten by Trimeresurus stejnegeri in a majority of cases,followed by Cobra,Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus.Cases bitten by poisonous snake had occurred all year round,the incidences of snakebite were the highest from July to October.Farmers had a high incidence of snakebite.Patient with a high incidence of snakebite was aged of 30 to 49 and the main injury of body parts on limb.Conclusion Snakebite had occurred all year round in Zhaoqing city and surrounding areas.It is the great significance to reduce the incidence and improve the treatment success rate of snakebite by taking corresponding prevention,publicity and education measures and establishing and improving the snakebite treatment system.