GDP与IWI:核算体系与人类福祉

GDP and IWI:The System of Accounts and Human Well-being

本文在溯及GDP缘起与历史贡献的基础上,总结了该指标所面临的一系列挑战,并梳理了国际机构和学术界“超越GDP”的不懈努力。其中,联合国大学全球环境变化国际人类维度计划(UNU-IHDP)和联合国环境规划署(UNEP)在兼收并蓄多种国民核算指标的基础上,提出了包含生产、人力(健康)和自然资本存量的包容性财富指数(inclusive wealth index,IWI),作为衡量全球可持续发展速度、质量的新指标。目前,IWI已获得全球统计机构的广泛认可和积极跟进,可能会主导未来国民核算体系改革的新方向。本文分析了IWI提出的科学意义及其中国启示。应当说,围绕IWI展开的探索与中国创新、协调、绿色、开放和共享五大发展理念是相容的,也为中国构建全新国民核算体系和补足可持续发展短板提供了可资借鉴的经验。

Over the past decade or so,in the face of a series of global economic,social and environmental issues,GDP has become inadequate as a measure of national prosperity and social well-being.To this end,international organizations such as OECD have launched a series of“Beyond GDP”initiatives.Among them,on the basis of the integration of various national accounting indicator,the UNU Global Human Dimensional International Human Dimensional Programme(UNU-IHDP)and the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)have proposed the Inclusive Wealth Index(IWI),a new indicator to measure the speed and quality of global sustainable development,with the inclusion of production,human(health)and natural capital stocks is.This paper reviews the origin and historical contributions of GDP,discusses the challenges faced by GDP,summarizes the efforts made by international organizations to go“Beyond GDP”,and analyzes the scientific value of IWI as well as its implications for China.The IWI has been widely recognized and actively followed by global statistical agencies and may lead the new direction of future reform of the national accounting system.This kind of exploration is compatible with China's five development concepts of innovation,coordination,green development,opening up and sharing.It also provides a valuable experience for China to build a new national accounting system and complement the shortcomings of sustainable development.