地位差异、身份认同与社会合作——基于实验室实验的研究

Status Difference,Identity and Social Cooperation—Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment

本文沿着社会认同的理论逻辑,利用实验室实验的研究方法,通过群体间社会比较机制形成异质性群体,用以探讨社会地位的高低对个体合作行为的影响。公共品博弈和囚徒困境博弈是两种代表性的社会困境,在此基础上本文研究了当存在框架效应时个体在不同情境下的合作行为。研究发现:在公共品博弈中,高地位成员和低地位成员均不会改变其与内群成员间的合作行为;相比之下,高地位成员和低地位成员会提高与外群成员的合作水平。此外,本文还发现,地位的高低是否会影响合作受到博弈环境的影响。在囚徒困境博弈中,无论高地位成员还是低地位成员,其与内群成员、外群成员的合作行为均不会产生变化。

From the theoretical perspective of social identity,this paper investigates how status difference influences individuals social cooperation behavior using a laboratory experiment.Intergroup comparison is used to create two heterogeneous groups with different group identity.Public goods game and prisoner s dilemma game are two representative social dilemmas and this paper studies the cooperation behavior in these two different situations when there are framing effects.The results of the experiment show that,in the public goods game,the winner and loser group with high status and low status,respectively,do not change their cooperation behavior when participate the game with ingroup members.In contrast,both high status group members and low status group members are more cooperative with outgroup members.Besides,our experiment finds that whether the affects cooperation is subject to the game environment.In the prisoner s dilemma game,individuals do not change their cooperative behaviors with both ingroup and outgroup members no matter they belong to the high status or low status group.