人工智能视阈下知识产权概念的演进与变迁

The evolution of the concept of intellectual property from the AI perspective

一直以来,知识产权与科技发展都保持着非常紧密的互动关系。人工智能与知识产权制度同样保持着既有的二元互动关系。不过,区别于以往任何时代的科技变革,人工智能正在全面催生知识产权概念的演进与变革。知识产权权利主体在发生变革,借助于创作人工智能的帮助,任何人都可能成为"艺术家",但未必都可以成为知识产权权利人。"想象力"也将成为主体享有知识产权的一个必要条件。知识产权客体在发生变革,传统知识产权法对于客体"新颖性""创造性"的界定也将被重新诠释。知识产权的权利内容也在发生变革,"复制权"的中心地位也将让位于个性化创造。伴随知识产权主体、客体、内容的变革,知识产权所奉行的法律原则也将随之变迁。包括知识产权的二维权利体系会转向一维权利体系,知识产权的推定性权利属性会转向确定性权利属性、知识产权公力救济会转向公私兼顾的二元模式,知识产权赔偿计算也会从法官的自由裁量转向人工智能辅助裁判。以人工智能为视角洞察知识产权概念的演进和变迁,还需要深入了解人工智能的技术属性,这必将是一个漫长、动态的过程。总之,总结出人工智能视阈下知识产权演进和变迁的规律,对于进一步完善知识产权法律制度具有重要意义。

Intellectual property(IP)and Artificial Intelligence(AI)are closely related.As an unprecedented scientific and technological innovation,AI is redefining the concept of intellectual property.The subjects of IP change.With the aid of AI,anyone can be an"artist"but not necessarily the owner of intellectual property right."Imagination"will become the necessary condition for the subject of intellectual property.The object of intellectual property right changes too,including the definition of"novelty"and"creativity"of the object.So does the concept of intellectual property right itself;the importance of"copy right"will be replaced by individualized creation.On top of that,the legal principles behind intellectual property law will change accordingly.It will be a long and dynamic process before we are able to define intellectual property right from the perspective of AI.This study is expected to improve the legal system of intellectual property right in this regard.