新型冠状病毒感染实验动物的风险评估

Risk Assessment of Novel Coronaviruses in Laboratory Animals

目的2019年12月暴发的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)迅速传播,严重影响了社会生活正常运行。由于新型冠状病毒受体血管紧张素转化酶(ACE2)在人及动物中的保守性,有必要对常见家畜及实验动物的易感性进行评估。方法基于ACE2的氨基酸序列,分析其在人、实验动物及家畜等动物中进化关系;根据冠状病毒受体结合结构域(Receptor binding domain,RBD)与ACE2的结合位点,比较其在物种间的变化,推测不同物种对新型冠状病毒的易感性。结果新型冠状病毒与ACE2的结合位点在不同物种间较为保守,且ACE2受体与新型冠状病毒RBD的结合位点在人、猴和仓鼠的完全一致。结论基于位点比较和SARS-CoV-2感染动物特性分析,猴和仓鼠可能对新型冠状病毒较为易感,可以优先选择它们作为SARS-CoV-2感染动物模型。

Objective Novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)broke out in December 2019,which spread rapidly around the world,and seriously affected the normal social life.Due to the conservation of SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE2)in humans and animals,it is necessary to evaluate the susceptibility of domestic animals and laboratory animals.Methed Based on the amino acid sequence of ACE2,the evolutionary relationship of ACE2 in human,experimental animals and domestic animals were analyzed.According to the binding sites of RBD(receptor binding domain)and ACE2,the variation between species was compared,and the susceptibility of different species to novel coronavirus was evaluated.Result The binding sites of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 were conservative in different species,and the binding sites of ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 RBD were completely consistent in human,monkey and hamster.Conclusion Based on the binding sites comparison and features of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals,monkey and hamster may be susceptible to novel coronavirus,and they may be preferred as SARS-CoV-2 infected animal models.