电针对高水平大学生女排运动员赛前焦虑情绪及血清神经递质、脑源性神经营养因子的影响:一项双中心随机对照试验

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pre-Competition Anxiety and Expression Levels of Serum Neurotransmitters and BNDF among High-Level Female College Volleyball Players:A Two-Center Randomized Controlled Trial

目的:探讨电针刺激对缓解高水平大学生女排运动员赛前焦虑的作用。方法:符合入组标准的24例被试随机分入实验组(n=12)和对照组(n=12)。实验组接受电针干预,对照组接受安慰剂电针干预,干预从赛前15天开始,隔天1次,共干预8次,至赛前1天结束。所有被试于夏训期间(某一日常训练日)、赛前15天及赛前1天,分别予以竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2)、运动多维完美主义量表(Sport-MPS)测评,以了解被试在这3个时间节点的心理变化情况,并观察血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),以及血清神经递质包括5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和多巴胺(DA)表达水平的变化。所有被试还于上述3个测评点接受匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)测评。结果:(1)与夏训期间相比,两组被试赛前15天PSQI评分均显著增加(P<0.05);CSAI-2量表中,认知、身体状态焦虑评分均显著增加(P<0.05),状态自信心评分均显著降低(P<0.05);Sport-MPS量表中,失误过度担心、个人标准及知觉教练压力评分均显著增加(P<0.05),但知觉父母压力上升不明显(P>0.05);同时,两组被试3项神经递质(5-HT、NE和DA)表达水平均显著上升(P<0.05),BDNF表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。(2)经15天干预,实验组在PSQI、认知/躯体状态焦虑、知觉教练压力等几项评分上均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组5-HT和NE表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且BDNF表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)研究过程中除1例被试在首次接受电针后出现轻微血肿外,无明显不良反应事件。结论:电针干预可在一定程度上缓解高水平大学生女排运动员赛前焦虑和(或)因焦虑诱发的睡眠障碍,且这种有益效应可能与电针对BDNF的促进和(或)对5-HT、NE等神经递质的抑制有关。

Objective To explore if electroacupuncture(EA)can effectively mitigate pre-competition anxiety among high-level female college volleyball players.Methods A total of 24 eligible participants were enrolled and randomized into either an experimental group(n=12)or a control group(n=12).The experimental group received EA therapy whereas the control group was intervened with sham—EA therapy.EA/Sham-EA started 15 days before the competition,once every other day for total 8 times.During the summer training,15 days and one day before the competition,all players were evaluated using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2(CSAI-2)and Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(Sport-MPS).Meanwhile,all participants were assessed the expression of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and serum neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),norepinephrine(NE)and dopamine(DA),and tested using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Results Compared with during the summer training,15 days before the competition,the average PSQI score,somatic and cognitive state anxiety of CSAI-2 as well as"Concern over Mistakes","Personal Standards"and"Perceived Coach Pressure"of Sport-MPS of both groups increased significantly(P<0.05 for all),while the state self-confidence decreased significantly(P<0.05).Moreover,serum biomarker tests showed that the average expression level of neurotransmitters(5-HT,NE and DA)increased significantly(P<0.05)in both groups while that of BDNF decreased significantly(P<0.05).After the intervention,the average scores of PSQI,’Perceived Coach Pressure’and somatic and cognitive state anxiety,as well as the average expression of 5-HT and NE of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),while that of BDNF was significantly higher than the latter(P<0.05).No significant adverse events appeared during this trial except one participant developed a slight hematoma following her first EA treatment.Conclusion EA can mitigate pre-competition anxiety and/or anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among high-level female college volleyball players,which might be associated with the promotion of BDNF and/or the inhibition of some neurotransmitters including 5-HT and NE.