哈拉帕遗址与二里头遗址经济发展比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Economic Development Between Harappa and Erlitou Sites

哈拉帕遗址与二里头遗址分别是印度河文明与中国早期文明的代表性遗址。在不同的地理环境影响下,两个地区走向文明的路径不同。印度河文明建立了地域集团基础上的早期“城邦”国家,在“城邦”松散的权力结构影响下,哈拉帕文化形成了开放式经济体系,以市场为导向,对外贸易繁荣,在经济生活中占有重要的地位;中国早期文明建立了广域王权国家,在金字塔式权力结构影响下,二里头文化的经济体系以国家为主导,为统治者阶层服务,对外贸易在经济结构中比重较低。两个遗址的差异是两个地区早期文明发展模式差异的缩影,具有重要的研究价值。

Harappa and Erlitou are the representative sites of the Indus civilization and Chinese early civilization.Under the influence of different geographical environment,these two regions have different paths towards civilization.The Indus civilization moved from a kinship society to a geo-society based on irrigated agriculture and established city-states based on regional groups.Under the influence of the loose power structure,Harappa formed an open economic system,which was market-oriented without a state monopoly.Craft production mainly focused on practical life.Foreign trade was prosperous and it occupied an important position in economic life.Chinese early civilization was based on rain-fed agriculture and established a wide-area kingship state based on blood groups.Erlitou was an important capital of the early state.Under the influence of the pyramidal power structure,the economic system of Erlitou was state-oriented with monopoly on important resources.Craft production emphasized the politicization of ritual system,which mainly served the ruling class.International trade played a lower role in economic structure.The differences between these two sites are the epitome of the differences in the development mode of early civilization in the two regions,the study of which has important research value.