城市老年人口的空间分布型式及其比较研究

A comparative study on the spatial distribution patterns of urban elderly population

城市老年人口分布具有高密度、低比重、高绝对增速、低相对增速的总体特点,但各城市之间存在明显的老龄化进程差异。城市老年人口的空间分布型式表现出类型多样性、空间稳定性和趋强的秩序性,并具有单中心化、多中心化、单中心抬升、多中心抬升等变化类型。与常住人口密度分布相比,城市老年人口分布的整体秩序性较弱,且变化程度相对较大,部分城市的增长型式完全相反。不同规模等级的城市间比较表明,随着城市规模增大,城市老年人口分布的秩序性具有非线性增强特征,单中心城市老年人口的最大理论密度和衰减速率趋于降低。应充分把握城市老年人口分布及其演变的空间规律,促进老龄服务及养老设施的合理配置。

There are obvious differences in the process of aging among cities where the spatial distribution of the elderly population is generally characterized by high density,low proportion,high absolute growth rate,and low relative growth rate.The spatial distribution patterns of the urban elderly population are showing type diversity,spatial stability and strengthening orderliness,and evolving divergently as monocentric turning,polycentric turning,monocentric uplifting,or polycentric uplifting.However,it is weakly ordered,evidently varied,or even oppositely featured when compared with the distribution of permanent population density.And the further comparisons among cities of different population scales show that the spatial distribution order of urban elderly population is enhanced nonlinearly with the increase of city size,and the theoretical maximum density and attenuation rate of elderly population in cities distinguished as monocentric tend to decrease.So it is important to recognize and follow the law of the spatial distribution of urban elderly population to improve the elderly services and facilities allocation.