迈向“社区公共财政”?——城市社区服务专项资金政策分析

Towards “Community Public Finance”?--Policy Analysis of Special Funds for Urban Community Services from the Perspective of Community Governance

近年来,资源下沉成为社会治理的客观要求和显著趋势。然而,财政资金对基层社区投入力度的加大是否有助于居民参与和社区公共性的提高?针对现有研究对社区财政与社区治理关系探讨不足,文章提出“社区治理的财政维度”和“社区财政的治理面向”,并对国内城市社区服务专项资金政策进行系统梳理、分析,明确阐释了“社区公共财政”的理论内涵及其自主性和公共性的内在要求。社区公共财政是“取之于民,用之于民,事由民定,财由民理”的特殊财政类型,本质上是基层社会公共性重构的一部分,也是撬动居民参与社区公共事务的制度化渠道。但现有社区治理结构一方面根植于国家科层体系,另一方面又脱嵌于城市社会结构,这根本制约了社区公共财政制度建设。迈向“社区公共财政”之路绝非坦途。

In recent years,resource sinking has become a significant trend in social governance.However,does the increase in financial investment in grassroots communities contribute to the improvement of residents'participation and community publicity?Given the deficiency of existing research on the relationship between community finance and community governance,this paper systematically sorts out and analyzes the commonly established special fund policies for urban community services,and explains the theoretical connotation of"community public finance"and its requirements for autonomy and publicity.Community public finance is a special type of public finance,which is"taken from,used for,determined by,and managed by the people(residents)".In essence,it is a part of the reconstruction of the publicity of Chinese society.It is also an important path to motivate residents'participation and improve grassroots social governance.However,there are still many problems and internal tension in practice.On the one hand,the existing community governance structure is rooted in the hierarchical governance system,on the other hand,it is detached from the urban social structure,which together constitutes the fundamental constraints of the construction of a community public finance system.