当前德美矛盾的多重原因透析

An Analysis of the Multiple Causes of the Current Conflicts Between Germany and the United States

近年来,德美之间矛盾频发、冲突连连,其最直接的原因就是两国在经济利益和安全利益上的分歧日益扩大。作为全球化主要受益者之一,德国不愿跟随特朗普执政下的美国推行反全球化、反自由贸易政策;作为北约主要成员国和欧盟领头羊,德国也无法认同特朗普执政下的美国搅乱欧洲一体化、挟制北约以实现其战略重心东移的做法。更为重要的是,作为共和党人的特朗普总统自上台以来始终秉持右翼自由主义和民族主义的价值观,力图通过在经贸和军事上采取极端措施的做法来挽救不断走向萎缩的美国中产阶级,因而给德国带来了明显的战略压力。另一方面,德国联盟党和社民党联合政府由于深受社会民主主义、保守主义等政治文化的影响,始终将不断提高德国社会福利水平看作重中之重,因而难以在根本利益问题上对美国作出让步。在此背景下,德美之间的经济利益和安全利益分歧因受不同政党体制和执政理念的影响以及隐藏其后的政治文化因素的推动而被逐步放大,利益妥协的空间不断缩小,成为当前德美关系的主要特点。

In recent years,there have been frequent conflicts and disagreements between Germany and the United States,and their most direct cause is the widening divergence in terms of economic and security interests between them.As one of the main beneficiaries of globalization,Germany is reluctant to follow America’s antiglobalization and anti-free trade policies under Trump Administration.As a leader of European Union,Germany opposes America’s attempts to disrupt European integration.As a leading member of NATO,Germany also opposes America’s eastward shifting of its global strategy with the help of NATO.More importantly,the Republican president of the United States,Donald Trump,has been adhering to the values of right-wing liberalism and nationalism since he took office,trying to save the shrinking middle class by taking extreme measures in economy,trade and military,which bring obvious strategic pressure on Germany.On the other hand,the Coalition Government of Unionsparteien-SPD,deeply influenced by the political culture of social democracy and conservatism,has always been regarding the continuous improvement of Germany’s social welfare as its top priority,so it is difficult for the Coalition Government to make concessions to the United States on these fundamental interests.In this context,this paper argues that the differences in economic and security interests between Germany and America are gradually amplified due to the influence of different political party systems,governing ideas and the hidden political and cultural factors behind them.Moreover,the space for compromise of interests is constantly shrinking,which has become a main feature of the current German-America tensions.