棉隆土壤熏蒸对设施黄瓜枯萎病的田间防效评价

Field Efficacy of Dazomet Fumigation on Cucumber Fusarium Wilt in the Greenhouse

采用高温密封土壤熏蒸法研究了棉隆熏蒸剂不同用量(20、30、40 kg/667 m^2)对设施黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制作用、田间防效以及对土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明,棉隆熏蒸对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制效果十分明显,尖孢镰刀菌可培养数量几乎为零,土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量大大减少;随着棉隆剂量的增加,对土壤微生物的抑制作用越强,土壤熏蒸适宜的棉隆剂量为30~40 kg/667 m^2;棉隆熏蒸土壤结合施用生物有机肥后,细菌数量恢复最快,放线菌次之,真菌第三,尖孢镰刀菌数量最低;棉隆熏蒸处理对黄瓜枯萎病防效达85.2%~100.0%,兼防根结线虫病最佳防效达93.8%以上,增产效果达18.51%,且对黄瓜植株具促生长作用,可至少连续种植4茬黄瓜,土壤微生态环境向着有利的方向发展,能够解除设施蔬菜连作障碍。

he high-temperature sealed soil fumigation method was used to determine effect on the inhibition and field efficacy of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumerinum and the soil microflora of dazomet at different doses(20,30,40 kg/667 m^2)in the greenhouse.The results showed that it was obvious for the inhibitory effect of dazomet fumigation on Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumerinum.The number of cultivable Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum in the soil was almost zero and that of bacteria,fungi and actinomycosis were greatly reduced.With the increase of dazomet doses,the inhibition showed a trend of enhancement on soil microorganisms.The most suitable dose of dazomet for soil fumigation was 30~40 kg/667 m^2.With the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer to the soil,the number of bacteria recovered the fastest,followed by actinomycosis and fungi.The number of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum was the slowest to recover.The control effect against cucumber wilt was 85.2%~100.0%and the best control effect against root-knot nematode disease reached over 93.8%.The yield increase effect was 18.51%.This fumigation measure had a growth-promoting effect on cucumber plants and at least four stubbles of cucumber could be planted consecutively.It could also develop the soil micro-ecological environment in a favorable direction and remove the obstacle of vegetables in the greenhouse.