卵胞浆内单精子注射子代出生缺陷及围生期情况研究

Study on Birth Defects and Perinatal Status of Offspring by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)技术是当前治疗男性因素不育不孕症最为有效的方法,但其在克服精子数量、活力、形态异常引起的受精障碍的同时,也跨越了机体的自然选择机制,使存在遗传或表观遗传学异常的精子与卵子受精发育,使出生子代携有同样遗传或表观遗传学异常后代的风险升高。同时ICSI显微操作过程也可将外源性物质注入卵细胞浆内,破坏卵子结构、纺锤体等,这些操作可能对配子的受精和后续胚胎的分化和发育产生影响,由此引发的出生子代安全性问题尤其值得关注。本文就ICSI子代出生缺陷及围生期情况研究进展作一综述。

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)technology is the most effective method to treat male infertility at present,but it not only overcomes the fertilization obstacle caused by the abnormality of sperm quantity,motility and morphology,but also crosses the natural selection mechanism of the body,so that the sperm with genetic or epigenetic abnormality can be fertilized and produced with the egg,and the risk of the offspring with the same genetic or epigenetic abnormality is increased.At the same time,the ICSI micromanipulation process can also inject exogenous substances into the plasma of oocytes,destroy the structure and spindle of oocytes,which may have an impact on the fertilization of gametes and the differentiation and development of subsequent embryos,and the safety issues caused by these operations deserve special attention.This paper reviews the research progress on birth defects and perinatal period in ICSI offspring.