家事诉讼中未成年人的程序保障研究——以保障未成年子女意见表达权为视角

Research on the Procedural Guarantee of Minors in Family Litigation——From the Perspective of Protecting Underage Children’s Right of Expression

在家事诉讼中给予未成年人特殊的程序利益保护具有天然的正义性。针对我国目前立法和司法实践中关于未成年人的意见表达权出现的问题,借鉴域外(地区)的有益经验,我国可在家事诉讼法中确立儿童利益最大化原则,并以此为指导,设计具体的诉讼程序;结合家事调查员制度、利益代理人制度,构建多元的未成年人意见表达机制;构建法官与未成年人的庭外对话机制;扩大听取未成年人意见的事项范围。

The protection of special procedural benefits of juveniles in family litigation is irrebutable.In response to the problems in our country’s current legislative and judicial practice regarding the rights of expression of juveniles,drawing on the useful experience of foreign countries(regions),the principle of maximizing children’s interests in the family litigation law has been set,and it was taken as a guide to design specific litigation procedures;Also,with the family investigator system and the interest agent system,it is necessary construct a diverse mechanism for juveniles to express opinions,establish an out-of-court dialogue mechanism between judges and minors,and expand the scope of matters for hearing opinions of minors.