复合氨基酸增效剂与尿素配施对水稻幼苗生长及土壤氮素的影响

Effects of combined application of compound amino acid synergist and urea on the growth of rice seedlings and soil nitrogen

为探讨氨基酸作为肥料增效剂在水稻生长过程中的增效作用,以复合氨基酸溶液为主要材料,通过室内盆栽试验,研究复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配施对水稻幼苗生长及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与不施肥(CK1)相比,施用5%复合氨基酸增效剂(A),水稻幼苗株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、根系生长指标、地上部干重和氮磷钾累积吸收量均随移栽时间延长呈显著增加趋势,其中株高增幅为11.1%~18.1%,地上部干重增幅为9.03%~24.00%,地上部氮磷钾累积吸收量分别增加了32.3%~57.0%、50.7%~74.0%和19.0%~40.5%。与单施普通尿素(U)相比,复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配合施用(AU),移栽前期水稻幼苗株高、根系生长指标增加显著,移栽后期SPAD增加显著,地上部干重和氮磷钾累积吸收量均随移栽时间延长呈增加趋势。在同等氮素条件下,AU处理不同取样期氮肥利用率为8.24%~31.50%,均高于U处理(6.08%~28.10%)。此外,AU处理根际土壤全氮含量随移栽时间延长由0.93 g/kg降至0.91 g/kg,降幅低于U处理;AU处理根际土壤全氮和有效磷含量均高于非根际土壤,表明添加氨基酸能够促进非根际土壤全氮和有效磷向根际土壤转化,并使根际土壤氮含量维持在较高水平。综上所述,施用复合氨基酸增效剂,可明显促进水稻幼苗生长,复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配合施用,可显著提高尿素氮肥利用率,并利于土壤全氮的积累。

In order to explore the synergistic effect of amino acid as fertilizer synergist in the growth of rice,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the application of compound amino acid solution combined with common urea on the growth of rice seedlings and soil nutrients.The results showed that,compared with no fertilization(CK1),rice seedling height,chlorophyll content(SPAD),root growth index,shoot dry weight and NPK cumulative uptake were increased significantly with the extension of transplanting time by the application of 5%compound amino acid synergist(A).Among which,the plant height increased by 11.1%~18.1%,the dry weight of aboveground increased by 9.03%~24.00%,and the cumulative absorption of N,P,K increased by 32.3%~57.0%,50.7%~74.0%,and 19.0%~40.5%,respectively.Compared with single urea(U)application,the plant height and root growth index of rice seedlings increased significantly in the early transplanting stage,the SPAD increased significantly in the late transplanting stage,and the dry weight of aboveground and the cumulative uptake of NPK increased with the transplanting time by the combined application of 5%compound amino acid synergist with common urea(AU).Under the same nitrogen conditions,the AU treatment improved the nitrogen use efficiency(8.24%~31.50%)compared with the U treatment(6.08%~28.10%).In addition,for AU treatment,the total nitrogen content in rhizosphere soil decreased from 0.93 g/kg to 0.91 g/kg with the increase of transplanting time,which was lower than that of U treatment.And the contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil were higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil.These indicate that the addition of compound amino acid can promote the conversion of total nitrogen and available phosphorus from non-rhizosphere soil to the rhizosphere soil,and maintain the nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil at a high level.In summary,the application of compound amino acid can significantly promote the growth of rice seedlings,and the combination of compound amino acid with common urea can also improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization,and conducive to the accumulation of soil total nitrogen.