我国大豆最佳施肥量和种植密度评价

Assessment of the optimum fertilization rates and planting density for soybean production in China

施肥量和种植密度是影响大豆高产的重要因素。在收集了大量的大豆试验数据(1998~2017年)基础上,通过拟合氮、磷、钾肥用量和种植密度与产量之间的二次函数,得出最佳的施肥量和种植密度,通过逐步回归分析了施肥量和种植密度对大豆产量的影响。结果表明,我国春大豆和夏大豆的产量逐年增加,平均产量分别为2 610和2 724 kg/hm^2。夏大豆最高产量下的氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为N 96 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 80 kg/hm^2和K_2O126 kg/hm^2;春大豆最高产量下的氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为N 71 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 108 kg/hm^2和K_2O 74 kg/hm^2;实现夏、春大豆高产的最佳密度分别为27万和34万株/hm^2。逐步回归分析显示,磷用量对春大豆产量影响最大,其次为钾肥和密度;在夏大豆产区,密度对产量影响最大,其次为磷肥用量。种植密度是大豆高产的关键因素,春、夏大豆需要提高种植密度获得高产,同时均应注重磷肥施用。

Fertilization rate and planting density are important factors affecting soybean yield.A large number of soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr]field experimental data(1998~2017)were collected,the rate of optimum nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and planting density were analyzed based on fitting quadratic function.The effect of fertilizer rates and planting density on soybean yield were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis.Results showed that the yield of spring and summer soybeans gradually increased over year,with average yield of 2610 and 2724 kg/hm2,respectively.The optimum rate of N,P and K fertilizers for the highest yield of summer soybean was N 96 kg/hm2,P2O580 kg/hm2 and K2O 126 kg/hm2,and the optimum rate of N,P and K fertilizers for the highest yield of spring soybean was N 71 kg/hm2,P2O5108 kg/hm2 and K2O 74 kg/hm2,respectively.The optimum planting density was 27×104 and 34×104 plants/hm2 under the highest yield for summer and spring soybeans,respectively.Stepwise regression analysis showed that the P fertilizer had the greatest influence on the yield of spring soybean followed by K fertilizer and planting density.For summer soybean crop,planting density had the major effect on yield followed by P fertilizer.Overall,the P fertilization and planting density were critical for soybean production,the planting density need be enhanced to attain high yield for spring and summer soybeans with enhancement in phosphorus fertilizer in both seasons.