算法默示合谋反垄断规制困境及其对策

The Regulation Dilemma of Algorithm Tacit Collusion and The Path of It’s Cracking

数字经济时代,算法作为辅助互联网企业生产经营的有利工具,一方面降低搜索成本、提升效率、给予公众完全竞争的错觉;另一方面却反向改变传统竞争机制。传统工业市场难以达成的默示合谋却容易被算法驱动型企业实施。如何实现算法公正成为回应技术革新难以避免的法律问题。当前对算法默示合谋的规制存在较多困境,传统共谋理论和执法工具对如何识别、认定以及归责算法默示合谋提出挑战。须解构算法默示合谋的智能隐蔽性、协作稳固性、多元社会效应等典型特征,从而针对性地提出规制路径。数字市场的良好运行应遵循“审慎谦抑”规制理念、建立内部击破与外部监管相结合的监管机制、完善归责体系、厘清豁免边界并综合考量消费者福利、数字经济效率、技术创新等因素。

In the era of digital economy,algorithm is a favorable tool to assist the production and operation of Internet enterprises,on the one hand,to reduce the cost of search,improve efficiency and give the public the illusion of perfect competition,on the other hand,it reverses the traditional competition mechanism.The tacit collusion,which is difficult to reach in the traditional industrial market,can easily be implemented by algorithm-driven enterprises.How to realize algorithm justice has become an inevitable legal problem in response to technological innovation.At present,there are more difficulties in the regulation of algorithm implied conspiracy,and the traditional conspiracy theory and law enforcement tools challenge how to identify,identify and blame algorithms for implied complicity.It is necessary to deconstruct the typical characteristics of intelligence concealment,collaboration stability and multi-social effect of collusion,so as to put forward the regulatory path accordingly.The good operation of the digital market should follow the concept of"prudent and humble"regulation,establish a regulatory mechanism combining internal break-up with external supervision,improve the accountability system,clarify the exemption boundaries and comprehensively consider consumer welfare,digital economy efficiency,technological innovation and other factors.