创新开放度与创新绩效关系的元分析

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Innovation Openness and Innovation Performance

当前有关创新开放度对创新绩效的作用在理论和实践中均未取得一致观点,形成了开放式创新悖论,且对影响二者作用关系的情境因素亦观点不一。本文采用元分析方法对82个独立研究的141 448个调查样本进行再分析,获得了更加整合和稳健的结论:创新开放度与企业创新绩效显著中等正相关,创新开放广度、创新开放深度均对企业创新绩效具有显著的积极作用。企业规模、所处行业、国家文化因素中的不确定性规避和集体—个体主义文化倾向、国家经济体5个情境因素均对上述关系具有调节作用。在集体主义文化倾向背景下,中小型企业创新开放度对创新绩效的影响更为显著;传统制造或服务行业中,创新开放深度对企业创新绩效影响更大;而在高新技术企业中,创新开放广度对创新绩效的影响更为显著;新兴经济体企业的创新开放度更能促进创新绩效的提升。对企业更为客观地认识开放式创新的重要性和采取针对性的管理措施均具有一定的借鉴意义。

Currently,the impact of innovation openness on innovation performance did not come to a consistent conclusion theoretically or practically.Hence,the open innovation paradox came up.Besides,the situational factors that may have influence on the above relationship were also lack of consensus.Therefore,it used meta-analysis method to conduct a re-analysis with 141448 research samples from 82 independent studies.A more integrated and robust conclusion was achieved.The results show that there is a significant medium-intensity positive relationship between openness and innovation performance,and open breadth and open depth also have significant positive impact on innovation performance.Five situational factors including firm size,extant industry,uncertainty avoidance and collective-individualism cultural tendency that belongs to national cultural factors,national economy entity produce moderating effects on the above relationship.Under the background of collectivist cultural orientation,the influence of SMEs'openness on innovation performance is more significant.While in traditional manufacturing or service industry,open depth has more significant impact on innovation performance;the impact of the openness breadth of high-tech enterprises on innovation performance is more pronounced;promoting impact extent of openness on innovation performances in emerging economy is larger than in other national economy entities.The above conclusions are of referential significance for firms to evaluate the importance of open innovation and take targeted management measures.