中医药防治高血压肾损害的研究进展

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating hypertensive renal damage

高血压是我国广泛存在的原发性慢性疾病,长期控制不良的高血压可能会导致肾动脉和小动脉的内膜增厚和管腔狭窄,肾小球硬化,间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩。高血压引起的肾损伤是一个多因素过程,在慢性肾脏病的发展中起着至关重要的作用。根据肾脏数据库显示,高血压肾损害是终末期肾衰竭的主要原因,仅次于糖尿病肾病。高血压和慢性肾脏病是相互关联的严重公共卫生问题。高血压可引起心脑血管疾病和肾脏损害,然而,慢性肾脏病也会导致心血管事件、脑血管事件和全因死亡。高血压肾损害的患病率增加以及治疗的高成本和不良预后是一个重要的健康问题,一定程度上造成了社会经济负担以及医疗资源浪费。中医“治未病”由来已久,该文从中医治未病的“未病先防”“既病防变”两个方面,阐述高血压肾损害中医药防治的具体措施。

Hypertension is a widespread primary chronic disease in China.Long-term poorly controlled hypertension may cause intimal thickening of renal arteries and arterioles and lumen stenosis,glomerular sclerosis,interstitial fibrosis,and renal tubular atrophy.Kidney damage caused by high blood pressure is a multifactorial process that plays a vital role in the development of chronic kidney disease.According to the kidney database,hypertensive renal damage is the main cause of end-stage renal failure,second only to diabetic nephropathy.Hypertension and chronic kidney disease are serious public health problems related to each other.Hypertension can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney damage.However,chronic kidney disease can also cause cardiovascular events,cerebrovascular events and all-cause death.The increase in the prevalence of hypertensive renal damage,the high cost of treatment and poor prognosis are an important health problem,which to a certain extent causes social and economic burdens and waste of medical resources.The concept of“preventive treatment of disease”in Chinese medicine has a long history.This article explains the specific measures of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of hypertensive renal damage from the two aspects of“prevention before disease”and“prevention after disease”.