北京传统合院居住环境实测模拟及其生态评价——以爨底下传统民居为例

Ecological Analysis of Residential Microclimate in Traditional Beijing Courtyard:A Case of Beijing Cuandixia Village

该文通过对北京西部明清古村落爨底下的典型民居进行室内外温度、相对湿度、采光照度和风速等物理环境热舒适状况的现场测试,同时借助计算机模拟方式分析爨底下传统民居的日照及阴影遮挡、采光、通风等情况,以详细探究爨底下传统山地合院的居住环境微气候舒适度及其生态效率。实证表明,爨底下村落作为北京西部保存最完整的明清山地合院聚落,其民居营建过程中积累了丰富多样的传统智慧,能巧妙地满足人们的基本生存生活需要,且生态代价极低,因而对当今建筑的生态环境营造仍然具有非常好的参考作用。

In this article we analyze the case of traditional Cuandixia Village in western Beijing,through field test of micro-environment indexes of some typical courtyards in the village,of their indoor and outdoor temperature,relative humidity,light intensity of illumination,wind speed,etc.in the hard winter.The test indicates that the thermal comfort of the micro-environment in residential building and its relation with the natural environment can be optimized by proper controlling and regulating the input and output quantities of the wind,light,heat and other climate factors.This research well clarifies that,although dated back to Ming&Qing Dynasties,the mountain courtyard settlements have accumulated rich and varied traditional wisdom during their residential construction,and it can tactfully satisfy people’s fundamental survival demands with extremely low ecological costs,thus it is of great references to the modern renovation of sustainable building technique.