论罗马对行省共同体统治的中央集权化

On the Centralization of Roman Provincial Community Rule

罗马共和国通过大征服将作为城邦广泛存在于希腊罗马世界中的共同体置于自己的行省之下,从而建立起了囊括地中海世界的广大帝国,然而,共和国时代的罗马未能将这些行省共同体真正纳入到帝国的中央集权统治中。随着元首制的建立,帝国中央集权化的程度明显加快,行省共同体纷纷按照帝国自治市的模式改组,它们的一些管理职能被帝国官僚机构取代,同时也受到帝国更有效的监督,最终实现了帝国对行省共同体统治的中央集权化。帝国利用这一权力维护了地方居民的利益,同时也维持了行省和行省中的共同体相对于意大利和罗马的弱势地位。

Through the great conquest,the Roman Republic placed the communities which existed widely in the Greek and Roman world as city states under its own provinces,thus establishing a vast empire covering the Mediterranean world.However,Rome in the Republic Era failed to bring these provincial communities into the centralized rule of the Empire.With the establishment of the system of principate of state,the degree of centralization of the Empire was obviously accelerated,and the provincial communities were reorganized in accordance with the mode of imperial autonomous cities.Some of their management functions were replaced by imperial bureaucrats,and at the same time,they were more effectively supervised by the Empire.Finally,the centralization of the Empire's rule over the provincial community was realized.The Empire used this power to protect the interests of the local residents,but also maintained the weak position of the provinces and the communities in the provinces relative to Italy and Rome.