生态产品的属性及其价值溯源

On the attributes of ecological products and their value traceability

生态产品是与物质产品和文化产品密切关联的第三类满足人民需求的特殊产品,可分为自然要素产品、自然属性产品、生态衍生品、生态标识产品四类,具有公共产品、准公共产品、私人产品等不同的消费属性特征。对于具有不同属性的生态产品,可基于恢复或治理成本、生态红利、市场核算价值、直接市场收益、生态保护投入、消费者的显性偏好等进行价值核算统计。纯公共生态产品的价值,由政府主体作为纳税人和子孙后代、生命共同体的代表负责实现或转换;政府和市场主体共同实现的,是准公共物品属性的主要为自然属性的生态产品;市场主体则主要负责私人物品一类的生态产品的价值实现,市场在其中起决定性作用。

Ecological products are the third kind of special products that meet people’s needs,which are closely related to material products and cultural products.They can be divided into four categories:natural factor products,natural attribute products,ecological derivatives and ecological identification products.They have different consumption attributes such as public goods,quasi public products and private products.For ecological products with different attributes,value accounting statistics can be conducted based on restoration or governance cost,ecological dividend,market accounting value,direct market income,ecological protection input,and consumers’explicit preference.The value of pure public ecological products should be realized or transformed by the government as the representative.The ecological products with quasi public goods attribute should be realized or transformed by the government and market subjects.The value of private products should be transformed through the market.