低频吸声材料的研究进展

Development of lower frequency sound absorption materials

介绍了4种典型低频吸声材料的研究进展,包括穿孔板复合材料、金属泡沫复合材料、声学超材料、金属纤维多孔复合材料。穿孔板、金属泡沫材料、金属纤维多孔材料均存在单独使用时,中高频吸声性能好,低频吸声性能差的缺点,为解决低频噪声治理难的问题,利用两种或多种材料进行复合,添加空气层,增加薄膜材料等等,得到了低频性能优异的新型低频吸声材料及结构。限域空间对吸声材料提出了小尺寸的要求,并从机械加工性、使用寿命和批量生产等综合考虑,金属纤维多孔复合材料是治理低频噪声最具发展前景的应用型材料。

This article is a review of four typical kinds of lower frequency sound absorption materials,including perforated plate complex materials,metal foam complex materials,acoustics metamaterials and metal fiber porous complex materials.When perforated plate,metal foam materials and metal fiber porous materials were used alone,the property in middle-high frequency was well,but in low frequency was poor.In order to solve the problem of the noise control in low frequency,a new type of low-frequency sound-absorbing material and structure with excellent low-frequency performance were obtained by using two or more materials for composite and adding air layer,film material and so on.Because the limited space put forward the requirement of small size for the sound-absorbing material,and considering comprehensively the machinability,service life and mass production,the metal fiber porous composite material was the most promising application material for low-frequency noise control.